or surface mechanical resistance, is the resistance of the ceramic tiled surface to wear and tear connected with the movement of bodies, surfaces or materials that come into contact with it; for example, the soles of shoes, the wheels of trolleys or other vehicles, furniture and other loads that may be dragged across the surface.

the double-loading technology compacts two layers of powders with different granulometric values into the same ceramic body, thus giving the ceramic surface a high structural solidity and an intense, delicate aesthetic.

the firing of the ceramic piece and of its vitreous decorations can include more than one firing cycle, each generally (but not necessarily) occurring at a lower temperature with respect to the previous cycle. The firing cycles can create single-firing, double-firing or third-firing tiles. Double-firing can be divided into “quick double-firing” with both firing cycles lasting less than one hour in roller kilns and “traditional double-firing” where both cycles lasts for a number of hours.